![]() ![]() Killian dehiscence is the most common site of pharyngeal diverticula 5. Longitudinal muscle groups can have different insertion. The inferior constrictor merges with the superior constrictor or the posterior part of the pharyngobasilar fascia. The superior constrictor can merge with the muscle of the middle and inferior constrictor. The increased intraluminal pressures then lead to herniation through this potential area of weakness 1,5. There are multiple physiologic variants of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Uncoordinated contraction of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and spasm, or fibrosis, of cricopharyngeus, have been implicated in the formation of pharyngeal pouches (Zenker diverticula), due to the increased intraluminal pressures these cause during swallowing. It is named after Gustav Killian (1860-1921) a German otolaryngologist. of which are directly controlled by the pharyngeal motoneu-rons (PMs) in the nucleus ambiguus via the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Ph-X). As the pharyngeal constrictors (apart from cricopharyngeus) are attached to the median raphe, which in turn is attached to the skull base, laryngeal descent during development causes the constrictors to assume an oblique course, leaving cricopharyngeus in a transverse orientation, thus creating a potential area of weakness 4. Killian dehiscence arises due to the descent of the larynx during development 4. The 'cushion' opposes the soft palate during the act of swallowing and is part of the seal between soft palate and pharynx that. The Passavant cushion or ridge is a small prominence in the posterior pharynx, formed from a focal bulge of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles during swallowing. This could explain why pharyngeal pouches are more common in males. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. One study suggests that it is present in ~60% of males, and just ~30% of females 3. Uncoordinated contraction of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and spasm, or fibrosis, of cricopharyngeus, have been implicated in the formation of pharyngeal pouches (Zenker diverticula), due to the increased intraluminal pressures these cause during swallowing. The dimensions of Killian's triangle of weakness have also been shown to correlate with individual anthropometric parameters, consequently being more prominent in males than in females 3. Prominent clinical findings but subtle microscopic findings. While not anatomically evident in every individual, it has been found to occur more commonly in males 3. Also called cricopharyngeal spasm, dyspasia or achalasia ( Wikipedia: Cricopharyngeal Spasm Accessed 14 February 2019 ) Cricopharyngeus muscle is part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor. ![]()
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